Superconducting fluctuations and characteristic time scales in amorphous WSi

We study magnitudes and temperature dependences of the electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction times which play the dominant role in the formation and relaxation of photon induced hotspot in two dimensional amorphous WSi films. The time constants are obtained through magnetoconductance measurements in perpendicular magnetic field in the superconducting fluctuation regime and through time-resolved photoresponse to optical pulses. The excess magnetoconductivity is interpreted in terms of the weak-localization effect and superconducting fluctuations. Aslamazov-Larkin, and Maki-Thompson superconducting fluctuation alone fail to reproduce the magnetic field dependence in the relatively high magnetic field range when the temperature is rather close to Tc because the suppression of the electronic density of states due to the formation of short lifetime Cooper pairs needs to be considered. The time scale {\tau}_i of inelastic scattering is ascribed to a combination of electron-electron ({\tau}_(e-e)) and electron-phonon ({\tau}_(e-ph)) interaction times, and a characteristic electron-fluctuation time ({\tau}_(e-fl)), which makes it possible to extract their magnitudes and temperature dependences from the measured {\tau}_i. The ratio of phonon-electron ({\tau}_(ph-e)) and electron-phonon interaction times is obtained via measurements of the optical photoresponse of WSi microbridges. Relatively large {\tau}_(e-ph)/{\tau}_(ph-e) and {\tau}_(e-ph)/{\tau}_(e-e) ratios ensure that in WSi the photon energy is more efficiently confined in the electron subsystem than in other materials commonly used in the technology of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). We discuss the impact of interaction times on the hotspot dynamics and compare relevant metrics of SNSPDs from different materials

Model Fisik Sub Surface Flow Constructed Wetland untuk Pengolahan Air Limbah Musala Al-Jazari Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau

Musala Al-Jazari is located in the Faculty of Engineering, University of Riau. Activity in musala every day produces a wastewater effluent. Wastewater directly discharged and allowed to seep in flooded soil without first processing that can affect groundwater quality. One of the appropriate technology is simple, inexpensive and easy in operation and maintenance system to reduce pollutants in wastewater was constructed wetland. The purpose of this study is to plan physical model of Sub Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SSF-Wetland) field scale, determine the effectiveness of SSF-wetland in reducing water waste and calculate budget construction costs SSF-Wetland. Research using medium black soil and water jasmine plants (Alisma plantago). Water quality parameters tested were pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The results of the study resulted in the highest efficiency value of 78.07% reduction in COD, TSS of 78.72% and an increase in the pH value of 27.59%. From planning SSF-Wetland obtained the total planned budget of Rp. 6,574,527.16. Overall the results showed that the constructed wetland besides being able to improve the quality of waste water can also beautify the area musala

Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: Executive Guide

Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this online resource offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain. Emphasis is placed on advancing innovation in health and agriculture, though many of the principles outlined here are broadly applicable across technology fields. Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep their eye on the practical side of IP management. The site is based on a comprehensive Handbook and Executive Guide that provide substantive discussions and analysis of the opportunities awaiting anyone in the field who wants to put intellectual property to work. This multi-volume work contains 153 chapters on a full range of IP topics and over 50 case studies, composed by over 200 authors from North, South, East, and West. If you are a policymaker, a senior administrator, a technology transfer manager, or a scientist, we invite you to use the companion site guide available at http://www.iphandbook.org/index.html The site guide distills the key points of each IP topic covered by the Handbook into simple language and places it in the context of evolving best practices specific to your professional role within the overall picture of IP management

Effect of High Fructose Syrup (HFS) Addition on Chemical and Organoleptic Properies of Green Coconut Water Kefir

This research aims to determine the effect of High Fructose Syrup (HFS) addition to carbon dioxide (CO2) content, ethanol content and organoleptic properties of green coconut water kefir, and to determine the ideal HFS concentration for green coconut water kefir. Complete Randomized Design is used in this research with 5 treatments and 4 replications i.e. T0 (0% v/v HFS), T1 (2.5% v/v HFS), T2 (5% v/v HFS), T3 (7.5% v/v HFS), and T4 (10% v/v HFS). The CO2 content is measured by sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) titration, ethanol content is measured by distillation, while the organoleptic properties that included level of sourness, level of sweetness, soda sensation, sour aroma, and viscosity are done by 25 panelists. The results show that the addition of HFS is statistically gave significant effect to the CO2 content and organoleptic properties (P<0,05). However, the ethanol content, which analyzed using empirical model of quadratic polynomial regression, show that the addition of HFS is incompatible to the ethanol content of green coconut water kefir. The most optimal HFS concentration is 7.5% v/v, resulting CO2 content of 0.096%; ethanol content 1.545%; and desirable organoleptic properties, which are low level of sourness, high level of sweetness, very high soda sensation, low sour aroma, and high viscosity

Nanometer-scale studies of Al–Ga interdiffusion and As precipitate coarsening in nonstoichiometric AlAs/GaAs superlattices

We have investigated the effects of post-growth annealing on Al–Ga interdiffusion and As precipitate coarsening in AlAs/GaAs superlattices grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at low temperatures. High-resolution x-ray diffraction spectra show a significant decrease in the number and intensity of satellite peaks for the ex situ annealed compared with the as-grown superlattices, a feature which is often attributed to a reduction in interface abruptness. However, our cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy images show significant variation in the apparent superlattice period of the ex situ annealed compared with the as-grown superlattices. For the as-grown superlattices, preferential As precipitation on the GaAs side of AlAs/GaAs interfaces is evident. In the ex situ annealed superlattices, a preference for As precipitates at the GaAs on AlAs interface is apparent, although the As precipitates are no longer restricted to the interface region. Thus, the apparent change in superlattice period is likely due to variations in As precipitate density, which may be influenced by AlAs–GaAs alloying at the AlAs/GaAs interfaces. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70551/2/APPLAB-75-26-4082-1.pd

Dinamika Konflik Dengan Orang Tua Pada Lesbian

Tujuan yang ingin dilihat dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan seberapa banyak sumber konflik yang muncul, macam konflik yang dialami subyek, mekanisme pertahanan diri yang dipakai dan respon yang diambil subyek dalam interaksinya dengan orang tua. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja akhir lesbian berusia 19 sampai 21 tahun, masih mempunyai orang tua lengkap dan masih kuliah. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Secara umum subyek 1,2 dan 3 merasakan konflik dengan orang tuanya, mereka merasakan ketidaknyamanan dalam keluarga karena aturan-aturan yang dibuat oleh orang tua, dan kecemasan yang timbul karena ingin menutupi orientasi seksualnya serta perasaan tertekan yang dialami subyek menyebabkan munculnya perilaku diam dan menuruti perkataan orang tuaSave to Mendele